Generating Variation Of Free Form Shell Diffusion Using Site Analysis: A Combination of NURBS and MESH Modelling Using Noise Data

Architecture is a subject that transcends the limitations of only a few uses and four walls. Architecture also guides how people might live in a space as effectively and comfortably as feasible. Human needs, environmental impact, location, living standards, and function all impact architecture. For the same function, distributed space, location, context, culture, and economic perspective will inevitably alter.

In modern practice, we now head for the best course of action. After escaping the rigid, modernist form, we are currently searching for appropriate answers to issues that may arise in a location. These are now fundamental concerns in architectural design, including how to shade a space, maximize benefits for its occupants, achieve the desired acoustic performance, and reduce pollution levels. To answer these questions, we must take into account natural factors. This natural force only operates inside one framework because it lacks a regulation-based geometry [1]. Using this unequal, multi-variant, and uneven source of nature, we must design effective, optimized, and practical architectural spaces. We can also introduce context-based architecture by addressing environmental factors.

Free-form surface modeling utilizing these forces of nature is now possible because of the development of sophisticated computer tools, which enable virtual representations and explain engineering methods, structural design, and construction processes. These computational tools use numerical simulation approaches, which give modeling capabilities that are dynamic and interactive and aid in helping us find the optimal answers. It prevents inefficient construction and operational processes, troublesome post-consultancy, and procrastination while increasing design innovation potential.

A cafe library was to be designed for a design project for my architecture bachelor's second-year first term, and its location would be in a busy Khulna area. where both sides of the road are 20 meters long. In general, cafe libraries require a serene setting. But it's crucial to build with these external environmental variables in mind as a design challenge. so that we can create calm in this chaotic environment. To do this, we focus on functional analysis, distribution, and noise as our main issues. Figure 1 demonstrates how a functional definition may connect a café and library and how circulation issues can be handled. Within a strict rectangular form, the function is solved. It also demonstrates how a cafe library can be impacted by site impact, the need for a noise-diffusing landscape, and how a convex wall formation might attenuate noise more effectively.

Additionally, it describes how it will affect daylight. Convex wall variation, displaying maximum adjacent minimum height variation, and suggestion of how seating provision in war corners will work indicate how variation in circulation space height will speed mass flow, as we have shown in our functional form creation.given Convex wall creation is challenging to calculate numerically but very effective in canceling noise [4]. Using a noise-canceling wall material makes it possible to guarantee that no noise will enter the space. The following step in this design research is this numerical calculation and determining the most advantageous form, proven using computer software and site survey-based data collection.

Figure 1: Functional Definition & Site Impact

A site survey, noise calculation (with a sound meter), and computational modeling tools, we used Revit 2017 and Dynamo for shape discovery. On the site plan, we first display a noise diagram derived from our study; the curve lines in this figure denote a certain sound level. Thus, we indicate the minimum noise level's spatial threshold. Using this site plan threshold as a guide, we created a NURBS curve with five control points. This curve has been created up to the second degree.

Additionally, step-by-step instructions are provided on creating a quiet outdoor reading area and an entrance strategy to divide library and cafe zones, the last noisy regions. Using sketches and surface modeling, we then demonstrate how to construct a shell on a curve using the previously needed functional and height data and how it can fluctuate. At this stage, surface regeneration of degrees 3 and 4 is carried out by approximating the functional distribution and uniform height. After meshing these recreated NURBS surfaces, we produced two models: the upper model, which has a free-form curving survey and entry, and the lower model, which provides a relatively flat surface and defined and rigid access and semi-outdoor. These closed-type variations are indeterminate color fluid surfaces that combine everything from the semi-outdoors. The Catmull-Clark subdivision technique produces structures, vertices, and joints on both surfaces. We optimized the surface tessellation utilizing bent triangular subdivisions for the open type and rectangular subdivisions for the closed class to stabilize the topological structure of these two mesh surfaces.

It should be noted that we created NURBS curve surfaces first because they require far less information than mesh surfaces to develop. Additionally, our input data frequently generates a reasonable and logical consistency and predominates the output. Finally, we combined the two models with our BIM software to create two distinct BIM models. We ran acoustic simulations on these two models using Revit and Enscape, using the same NRC and Value. We discovered through simulation that Model Type 2 outperforms Model Type 1; thus, we use Model 2 as our designing model.

Figure 2: Form Finding

Observations based on our findings and results:

1. More fluidly curved and convex shapes produce better results than similarly compact surfaces.

2. NURBS modeling is very effective When modeling specific data variants and producing useful results using environmental observation data as input.

3. The meshing of NURBS models for structural optimization and integration with BIM models makes the entire competition process less complex, allowing designers to make design judgments and address design issues highly effectively.

References:

1. Dimcic M (2011) Structural optimization of grid shells. Based on genetic algorithms. PhD Dissertation, University of Stuttgart

2. Pottmann H, Eigensatz M, Deuss M, Schiftner A, Kilian M, Mitra NJ, Pauly M (2010) Case studies in cost-optimized paneling of architectural freeform surfaces. In: Advances in architectural geometry. Springer-Verlag, Vienna

3. Di Paola F, Pedone P, Inzerillo L, Santagati C (2015) Anamorphic projection: analogical/digital algorithms. J Nexus Netw 17:253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-014-0225-5

4. Sound-Environment Interaction. (n.d.). https://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio-webdav/cmns/Handbook%20Tutorial/Sound-Environment.html

Meet The Author

Muhammad Golam Sami

B. Arch, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh Architect | Futurist | Sustainable Design Expert

Operational Head, ADORA Studios, Bangladesh

Founder, samism.org

Lecturer, Department of Architecture

Northern University of Business & Technology

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CAFE LIBRARY: HOSPITAlity within tranquility

The primary goal of this project was to create a cafe library in the crowded city center of Khulna that would offer a calm setting and friendliness. Our key challenge was to figure out how to replicate the peaceful environment because noise pollution in the busy city center interferes with it.

Image: Cafe Library Design Project ~ North Elevation

Location: Shibbari, Khulna ; Year: 2018